 |
Ingredient Quicklinks:
|
Key Nutrient: Beta-Alanine
Beta-alanine is an amino acid. It comprises half of antioxidant carnosine. Increasing beta-alanine consumption has been shown to increase muscle carnosine content. Beta-alanine helps stabilize blood sugar levels during intense exertion. While exercising, as workload increases, the muscles release alanine, which is subsequently converted into glucose by the liver.
Beta-Alanine is in GO2 because it has been shown to have the following effects:
- Increased carnosine content in muscles
- Positively effects power and endurance of working muscle
- Help buffer lactic acid
- Combat free radicals
- Blood sugar stabilizing effects
- See the Carnosine page for further information.
References
- Bate-Smith EC (1938) The buffering of muscle in rigor: protein, phosphate and carnosine. Journal of Physiology. 92:336-343.
- Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris R, Pottier A, Reyngoudt H, Koppo K, Wise JA, Achten E. (Aug 9). "Beta-alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters". J Appl Physiol.
- Harris, Ponte Hill, Sale, Jones, Kim, Wise: Effect of 14 and 28 days Beta-Alanine (Carnosyn™) supplementation on isometric endurance of the knee extensors.
- Harris, Et. Al. “The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis.” Amino Acids. May 30 2006.
- Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, Harris BD, Sale C, Boobis LH, Kim CK, Wise JA. (2007). "Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity". Amino Acids 32 (2): 225-33.
- Hoffman J, Ratamess N, Kang J, Mangine G, Faigenbaum A, Stout J.Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006 Aug;16(4):430-46.
- Lands LC, Grey VL and Smountas AA. (1999) Effect of a cysteine donor on muscular performance.J Appl Physiol. 87 (4):1381-1385.
- Stout JR, Cramer JT, Mielke M, O'Kroy J, Torok DJ, Zoeller RF. Effects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical working capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Nov;20(4):928-31.
- Stout JR, et al. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women. Amino Acids. 2007 Apr;32(3):381-6. Epub 2006 Nov 30
- T. Nagasawa Et. Al. “In vitro and in vivo inhibition of muscle lipid and protein oxidation by carnosine.” Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. September 2001.
- Suzuki Y, Ito O, Mukai N, Takahashi H, Takamatsu K. High level of skeletal muscle carnosine contributes to the latter half of exercise performance during 30-s maximal cycle ergometer sprinting. Jpn J Physiol. 2002 Apr;52(2):199-205.
- Zoeller RF, Stout JR, O'kroy JA, Torok DJ, Mielke M. Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic power, ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion. Amino Acids. 2006 Sep 5